Multidisciplinary Assessment of Nature-Based Strategies to Address Groundwater Overexploitation and Drought Risk in Medina Del Campo Groundwater Body

Abstract Five decades of intensive groundwater exploitation have brought important economic, social and environmental changes in Medina del Campo Groundwater Body (MCGWB). Declining piezometric levels worsened water quality, increased the costs supply abstraction, drained connected wetlands rivers. This chapter presents different methods tools developed to assess impacts effectiveness for adaptation droughts selected NAS strategies biophysical, economic terms. It follows methodologies presented Chaps. 4 , 5 6 . also summarizes approaches integrating all these assessments, as well main conclusions lessons learnt. Important progress has been achieved on understanding modelling aquifer-system dynamics functioning. First, geological geophysical data analysis, debugging integration provided a basis constructing set models MCGWB. Second, balance components need be updated through deeper analysis recharge abstractions (pumping). Third, trend critical groundwater-related ecosystem services (GRES) points at abstraction reductions most effective measure widespread recovery storage. Fifth, proposed managed artificial would limited effects surface bodies no effect bodies. Sixth, reconstruction from sedimentary record wetland bed (Lagunas Reales) provides reference knowledge base understand system response human climate changes. Finally, barriers design implementation identified evaluated. Particularly, lack interaction mechanisms among actors involved/interested process could play key role future. Graphical